Authors' conclusions There is moderate‐certainty evidence that providing adjunctive counseling by an allied health professional, cost‐free smoking cessation medications, and tailored printed materials as part of smoking cessation support in primary care can increase the number of people who achieve smoking cessation. There is no clear evidence that providing participants with biomedical risk feedback, or primary care providers with training or incentives to provide smoking cessation support enhance quit rates. However, we rated this evidence as of low or very low certainty, and so conclusions are likely to change as further evidence becomes available. Most of the studies in this review evaluated smoking cessation interventions that had already been extensively tested in the general population. Further studies should assess strategies designed to optimize the delivery of those interventions already known to be effective within the primary care setting. Such studies should be cluster‐randomized to account for the implications of implementation in this particular setting. Due to substantial variation between studies in this review, identifying optimal characteristics of multicomponent interventions to improve the delivery of smoking cessation treatment was challenging. Future research could use component network meta‐analysis to investigate this further.

Lindson N, Pritchard G, Hong B, Fanshawe TR, Pipe A, Papadakis S., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011556. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011556.pub2. Accessed 28 October 2021.
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